In plain English

Real returns jump around from year to year. CAGR smooths them into a single average yearly rate.

CAGR = (ending value ÷ starting value) ^ (1 ÷ years) − 1

Example

$10,000 grows to $16,000 in 5 years. The CAGR is about 9.9% a year.

Why it matters

It lets you compare investments held for different lengths of time on one scale. You can use it for portfolio value, revenue, or a dividend’s growth rate.

Common mistakes

  • Treating it as the actual return every year. It hides the ups and downs.
  • Comparing CAGRs over very different time periods.